🎵 Laches (or Courage) by Plato Dramatize Audiobook with Text, Illustrations, Sound Effect, Music

Audiobooks Dimension presents Laches (or Courage) by Plato Dramatize Audiobook with Text, Illustrations, Sound Effect, Music

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Author : Plato (Πλάτων)
Written : 380 BCE
Place of Origin : Ancient Greece
Original Media type : Papyrus
Original Language : Ancient Greek
Genre(s) : Ancient Greece, Dialogue
Translator : Benjamin Jowett (1817 - 1893)
Reader : David Rintoul
Musician : Nature's Eye
Editor : Audiobooks Dimension
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Laches (Λάχης) is a Socratic dialogue written by Plato. Participants in the discourse present competing definitions of the concept of courage.

In the discussion of the main thesis of the Dialogue—'What is Courage?' the antagonism of the two characters is still more clearly brought out; and in this, as in the preliminary question, the truth is parted between them. In this Dialogue the contrast between the mode of cross-examination which is practised by Laches and by Socrates, and also the manner in which the definition of Laches is made to approximate to that of Nicias, are worthy of attention.

The Dialogue offers one among many examples of the freedom with which Plato treats facts. For the scene must be supposed to have occurred between 424 BCE, the year of the battle of Delium, and 418 BCE, the year of the battle of Mantinea, at which Laches fell. But if Socrates was more than seventy years of age at his trial in 399 BCE (see Apology), he could not have been a young man at any time after the battle of Delium.

Film adaptation : Socrates (1971)
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Persons of the dialogue :

• Laches (Λάχης) [c. 475 – 418 BCE] : was an Athenian aristocrat (son of Melanopos) and general during the Peloponnesian War.
• Lysimachus (Λυσίμαχος) : son of Aristides ( Athenian general and Statesman).
• Melesias : son of Thucydides, friend of Lysimachus
• Nicias (Νικίας) [c. 470 – 413 BCE] : was an Athenian politician and general during the period of the Peloponnesian War.
• Socrates (Σωκράτης) [c. 470 – 399 BCE] : was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy and among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought. An enigmatic figure.

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Persons mentioned in the dialogue :

• Aeneas (Αἰνείας) : was a Trojan hero, the son of the Trojan prince Anchises and the Greek goddess Aphrodite. His father was a first cousin of King Priam of Troy (both being grandsons of Ilus, founder of Troy), making Aeneas a second cousin to Priam's children (such as Hector and Paris).
• Agathocles (Ἀγαθοκλῆς) : a sophist, teacher of Damon.
• Aristides (Ἀριστείδης) : son of Lysimachus, named after his grandfather.
• Damon (Δάμων) : son of Damonides, was a Greek musicologist of the fifth century BCE. He belonged to the Athenian deme of Oē (sometimes spelled "Oa"). He is credited as teacher and advisor of Pericles.
• Homer (Ὅμηρος) [born c. 8th century BCE] : was a Greek poet who is credited as the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature. Homer is considered one of the most revered and influential authors in history.
• Lamachus (Λάμαχος) : was an Athenian strategos or general in the Peloponnesian War. He commanded as early as 435 BCE, and was prominent by the mid 420s. He was one of the three generals (alongside Nicias and Alcibiades) placed in command of the Sicilian Expedition.
• Prodicus (Πρόδικος) [c. 465 BC – c. 395 BCE] : was a Greek philosopher, and part of the first generation of Sophists. He came to Athens as ambassador from Ceos, and became known as a speaker and a teacher. Plato treats him with greater respect than the other sophists, and in several of the Platonic dialogues Socrates appears as the friend of Prodicus.
• Solon (Σόλων) [c. 630 – c. 560 BCE] : was an archaic Athenian statesman, lawmaker, political philosopher, and poet. He is one of the Seven Sages of Greece and credited with laying the foundations for Athenian democracy. Solon's efforts to legislate against political, economic and moral decline resulted in his constitutional reform overturning most of Draco's laws.
• Sophroniscus (Σωφρονίσκος) : husband of Phaenarete, was the father of the philosopher Socrates. He was by trade a stonemason or sculptor.
• Stesilaus : a teacher of the art of fighting in armor.
• Thucydides (Θουκυδίδης) : son of Melesias, named after his grandfather.

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Place mentioned in the dialogue :

• Athens (Αθήνα) : is the capital and largest city of Greece. A major coastal urban area in the Mediterranean. Athens is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years, and its earliest human presence beginning somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BCE.
• Delium (Δήλιον) : was a small town in ancient Boeotia with a celebrated temple of Apollo. It was located upon the sea-coast in the territory of Tanagra in Boeotia.
• Plataea (Πλάταια) : was an ancient Greek city-state situated in Boeotia near the frontier with Attica at the foot of Mt. Cithaeron, between the mountain and the river Asopus, which divided its territory from that of Thebes. Its inhabitants was known as the Plataeans.
• Sparta : was a prominent city-state in Laconia in ancient Greece. In antiquity, the city-state was known as Lacedaemon (Λακεδαίμων), while the name Sparta referred to its main settlement on the banks of the Eurotas River in the Eurotas valley of Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese. Around 650 BCE, it rose to become the dominant military land-power in ancient Greece.

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Term used in the dialogue :

• Aexonian : pertaining to Aexone (Αἰξωνή), a deme of ancient Attica situated on the coast south of Halimus. Aixone, along with neighbouring Halai Aixonidai, belonged to the Kekropis tribe. Aexone was celebrated for its fisheries.
• Athenians : pertaining to Athens (Αθήνα), the capital and largest city of Greece.
• Carian (Κᾶρες) : were the ancient inhabitants of Caria in southwest Anatolia, who spoke the Carian language.
• Crommyonian Sow (Ὕς Κρομμύων) : was a wild pig that ravaged the region around the village of Crommyon between Megara and Corinth, and was eventually slain by Theseus in his early adventures.
• Dorian (Δωριεῖς) : were one of the four major ethnic groups into which the Hellenes (or Greeks) of Classical Greece divided themselves (along with the Aeolians, Achaeans, and Ionians). They are almost always referred to as just "the Dorians", as they are called in the earliest literary mention of them in the Odyssey, where they already can be found inhabiting the island of Crete.
• Greek : are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea.
• Hellenes (Έλληνες) : are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea.
• Hellenic : of or pertaining to ancient Greece, ancient Greek people, culture and civilization.
• Ionian (Ἴωνες) : were one of the four major tribes that the Greeks considered themselves to be divided into during the ancient period; the other three being the Dorians, Aeolians, and Achaeans. The Ionian dialect was one of the three major linguistic divisions of the Hellenic world, together with the Dorian and Aeolian dialects.
• Lacedaemonians : pertaining to Lacedaemon/Sparta, a prominent city-state in Laconia in ancient Greece.
• Lydian (Λυδοί) : were an Anatolian people living in Lydia, a region in western Anatolia, who spoke the distinctive Lydian language, an Indo-European language of the Anatolian group.
• Persians : are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran. They share a common cultural system and are native speakers of the Persian language as well as of the languages that are closely related to Persian.
• Phrygian (Φρύγες) : were an ancient Indo-European speaking people who inhabited central-western Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) in antiquity. Ancient Greek authors used "Phrygian" as an umbrella term to describe a vast ethno-cultural complex located mainly in the central areas of Anatolia rather than a name of a single "tribe" or "people", and its ethno-linguistic homogeneity is debatable.
• Scythian : were an ancient Eastern Iranic equestrian nomadic people who had migrated during the 9th to 8th centuries BCE from Central Asia to the Pontic Steppe in modern-day Ukraine and Southern Russia, where they remained established from the 7th century BC until the 3rd century BCE. Skilled in mounted warfare, the Scythians replaced the Agathyrsi and the Cimmerians as the dominant power on the western Eurasian Steppe in the 8th century BCE. In the 7th century BCE, the Scythians crossed the Caucasus Mountains and frequently raided West Asia along with the Cimmerians.
• Sophists (σοφιστής) : was a teacher in ancient Greece in the fifth and fourth centuries BCE. Sophists specialized in one or more subject areas, such as philosophy, rhetoric, music, athletics and mathematics. They taught arete, "virtue" or "excellence", predominantly to young statesmen and nobility.
• Spartans : pertaining to Sparta, a prominent city-state in Laconia in ancient Greece.
• vile corpus : from Latin vile ("worthless"), corpus ("body"). A person, animal or thing treated as expendable, to therefore use as an experimental subject regardless of whatever loss or damage it may suffer as a result.

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